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Gliwice
Gliwice ((ドイツ語:Gleiwitz)) is a city in Upper Silesia, southern Poland, near Katowice. Gliwice is the west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union – a metropolis with a population of 2 million. The city is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river (a tributary of the Oder).
Situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, Gliwice was previously in Katowice Voivodeship. Gliwice is one of the cities of a 2.7 million conurbation known as the Katowice urban area and is within the larger Silesian metropolitan area, which has a population of about 5,294,000 people.〔European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON), (espon.eu )〕 The population of the city is 185,196 (March 2014).〔(Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Baza Demografia. Ludność. Stan, ruch naturalny i wędrówki ludności w I kwartale 2014 (as of 31 March 2014) )〕
== History ==
In Slavic languages, the root ''gliw'' or ''gliv'' suggests terrain characterized by loam or wetland. In South Slavic languages, ''glive'' or ''gljive'' refers to mushrooms, with ''gljivice'' meaning little mushrooms.
Gliwice was first mentioned as a town in 1276 and was ruled during the Middle Ages by the Silesian Piast dukes.〔(Official website of Gliwice - Dzieje miasta )〕 During the reign of Mieszko I Tanglefoot, the town was part of a duchy centered on Opole-Racibórz, and became a separate duchy in 1289.〔 According to 14th-century writers, the town seemed defensive in character and was ruled by Siemowit of Bytom.〔 The town became a possession of the Bohemia crown in 1335, passing with that crown to the Austrian Habsburgs as Gleiwitz in 1526.
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